The Lion King

The Media Commodity

Disney and Video Games

By Lindsay Varien

As briefly described in a previous post, one huge part of what contributes to the success of the Walt Disney Company is synergy: its interaction with other companies to widely distribute numerous types of Disney media and other commodities throughout the world. Everything from sequels and soundtracks to clothes and toys, it is difficult to think of another company who has made more use of synergy throughout its existence. One specific aspect of Disney’s synergy, however, is coming into play more and more every day as the world moves into a more technologically driven world.

Computer games and video games, the primary and most popular types of interactive media these days, have soared in demand and popularity since their initial creation in the 1940s and the start of the video game industry in the 1970s.  It was in the 1970s that video games and computer games really started to take off. While there were some games that were invented earlier, the first commercially sold, coin-operated video game was Computer Space, created by Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney. The Magnavox Odyssey (pictured right) was the first home console, which is clearly much different than today’s Nintendo Wii or Playstation, as far as looks and game play. Then came along Atari’s Pong, an arcade version in 1972 and a home version in 1975, which really set the video game industry into motion.

While Disney has put out many computer and video games to try to compete in this fast-growing market, it does not appear to be one of Disney’s strengths as far as synergy goes. Especially with The Lion King, there are not many games related to the movie. Along with the release of The Lion King in 1994, there were a few different Lion King video games that were released in December of 1994 that were based off of the animated feature film. They were released by Virgin Interactive and developed by Westwood Studios. They were published for PC and Amiga computers and the consoles SNES, or Super Nintendo Entertainment System (pictured left), Sega Mega Drive/Genesis and Microsoft Windows, among others. There was also a version that was created for the Nintendo Game Boy and Game Boy advance. The reception of the game was fairly very positive. It received a score of 8/10 from Electronic Gaming Monthly, which is an American video game magazine.

In 1995, Disney released another Lion King-based video game called Timon & Pumbaa’s Jungle Games. It was released for Windows and Super Nintendo Entertainment System. It offered several different types of games and activities within the one game, and it offered opportunity for both single player and multiplayer game play.

Disney does have many other video games in their collection based on some of their other animated films and television shows, but overall, the list of Disney video games is not nearly as extensive as its range of films, music, television and other sorts of commodities. As today’s technological world continues to progress, I wonder what Disney will come up with next, as far as video games or as far or as far as the next big discovery in interactive and entertainment media.

Walt Disney Company

Computer Space

Atari

Atari’s Pong – YouTube

The Lion King – film

Lion King video game

Nintendo

Microsoft Windows

Electronic Gaming Monthly

Timon & Pumbaa’s Jungle Games

List of Disney video games

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The Walt Disney Company: A Corporate Profile

by Lindsay Varien

History/Background

Within about the past one hundred years, the Walt Disney Company has become one of the world’s largest media conglomerates. Founded by Walt and Roy Disney in 1923, Disney has become a media giant in film, animation, television and travel, as well as in many other forms of entertainment and commodities. Best known for its film studio, Walt Disney Studios, Disney now also owns and operates the ABC broadcast television network, including television networks such as Disney Channel, ESPN and ABC Family.

Board of Directors

There are currently twelve people on the Board of Directors of The Walt Disney Company, four women and eight men. Until just recently, the board was made up of thirteen members, but with the death of board member Steve Jobs, who was also the co-founder, chairman and chief executive officer of Apple Inc., the board is now down to twelve.

Within the twelve board members, there are several that have connections to other big and important companies, according to theyrule.net. For example, Disney board member Susan E. Arnold is concurrently on the board of Disney and McDonalds. This connection can be seen in Disneyland Park, where certain McDonalds food items are sold. In addition, there are a couple of connections with banks. Board member Monica Lozano is concurrently on the board of directors at Bank of America, and board member John Chen is on the board of directors with Wells Fargo. Of course, various other Disney board members have some very valuable connections with other companies as well, such as Nike, Starbucks, Visa, Boeing and Clorox.

Financial Information

The Walt Disney Company has been raking in higher revenues year after year. From the year 1991 until the year 2010, the Walt Disney Company saw a rise in revenues of about $32 billion, with an annual revenue of over $38 billion in 2010.

Diversification and Integration

The Walt Disney Company has spent a lot of time on diversification, buying companies outside of its competitive market, so as to make itself a larger and more powerful company, and in doing so, Disney has become not only very diversified, but it has also become a vertically integrated powerhouse. For example, in 1996, Walt Disney purchased ABC television for $19 billion. “Before the merger, Disney was a producer, and ABC was a distributor, of movies and television shows. After the merger, the parent company Disney can do both, with more profit than the combined profits of each,” explained one Newsweek article*. The fact that Disney now controls companies that work on different stages of the production chain means that it is a vertically integrated company.

Disney on a Global Scale

While the roots of the Walt Disney Company are here in the United States, the company has expanded to many other countries all over the world. Disney entertainment is distributed in entertainment markets worldwide. In addition, since the opening of Disneyland Park in Anaheim, California, several more theme parks have been opened all over the world, such as Tokyo Disney Resort, Disneyland Resort Paris and Hong Kong Disneyland.

Criticism

The one main criticism of the Walt Disney Company over the years has been the alleged use of hidden sexual references in certain Disney animated films. Such allegations have been made in certain beloved films such as The Lion King (1994), Aladdin (1992), and The Little Mermaid (1989). In addition, the Walt Disney Company has faced accusations of human rights violations over alleged poor working conditions for their factory workers.

The Walt Disney Company

ABC Broadcast Television Network

Disney Channel

ESPN

ABC Family

Walt Disney Comany – Board of Directors

Steve Jobs

Apple Inc.

theyrule.net

McDonalds

Susan Arnold

Monica Lozano

John Chen

Disney and Visa

Disney revenues

Disney merger with ABC

Human Rights Violations – article

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Commodity Profile

By Lindsay Varien

As mentioned in the previous entry, The Lion King is a beloved animated film from Walt Disney Animation Studios. But how does a film such as this get from the big screen into our homes? In the case of The Lion King, Disney does all the work because the company is vertically integrated, which means that they control more than one step of the production chain. Below, we break down the process.

Production

The Lion King was directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff, produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation, and written by Irene Mecchi, Jonathan Roberts and Linda Woolverton. The main voice actors in the film are Matthew Broderick, Jeremy Irons, James Earl Jones, Jonathan Taylor Thomas, and Moira Kelly. Early production of the film began in 1988 and ended with the film’s release in 1994. The film’s budget was $45 million, and animation was done by Walt Disney Animation Studios, with more than 600 people contributing.

Some have thought that the inspiration for The Lion King was based around William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, thinking that the two line up suspiciously closely. However, this is not all that people have noticed. Post-release, some other controversies and questions have come up about the production of the film, while none have yet been proven. One controversy that has come up is that of The Lion King compared with the 1960s anime television series from Japan called Kimba the White Lion. The controversy over whether Disney stole the idea of The Lion King from the show has gained so much attention over the years that it has even been featured in a recent Los Angeles Times article and even in an episode of The Simpsons.

The original music for The Lion King  was done by lyricist Tim Rice and the infamous Elton John, writing unforgettable songs such as “Hakuna Matata” and “Circle of Life”, among others. The film’s original music score was done by the award-winning Hans Zimmer, who may be better known today for his later work on The Dark Knight (2009) and Inception (2011), and his earlier work on Rain Man (1989).

Distribution

The full film of The Lion King is distributed by Walt Disney Pictures, formerly Buena Vista Pictures. DVDs can be purchased at many retail stores throughout the country and the world. The film can also be purchased on iTunes in both regular and HD quality.

Synergy

The Lion King has become quite the extensive and wide-ranging commodity over the years. The commodity was first produced as the extremely successful American animated film, which was released in theaters in 1994. In 1995, the film was released on VHS and laserdisc in the United States, and deluxe editions were also released. The VHS format sold 4.5 million tapes on the first day alone. After being put into moratorium in 1997, The Lion King was re-released on VHS and released for the first time on DVD in 2003, this time under the title The Lion King: Platinum Edition.

Due to the success of the original Lion King film, Disney followed with two direct-to-video films called The Lion King II: Simba’s Pride (1998) and The Lion King  (2004). It also led to a spin-off television series called Timon and Pumbaa which ran from 1995 to 1999. None of these, however, showed as much popularity as the original film. The Lion King was just recently re-released in theaters in 3D and has, once again, been a huge hit.

In addition, The Lion King was turned into a Broadway show, which opened in 1997, and has since won six Tony Awards including the award for Best Musical. Today, the show is Broadway’s seventh longest-running show in history. The Broadway show has spurred many more Lion King-based commodities. Everything from toys to clothes and christmas ornaments can be found in the Disney Store on the show’s website.

And of course, let’s not forget about “the happiest place on Earth”. Disneyland is a Disney theme park that opened in 1955, and currently has the largest cumulative attendance of any other theme park in the entire world.

Consumption

The Lion King was given a rating of “G” by the Motion Picture Association of America, which means it is a film that is appropriate for General Audiences and all ages may be admitted. The film has been immensely popular among children, as well as people of all other ages.

The Lion King – IMDb

Kimba the White Lion

The Los Angeles Times – Anime instinct

The Lion King – Homage or Stealing?

Making of the Lion King

Hamlet and The Lion King

The Lion King on Broadway

The Lion King on Broadway – Store

List of longest-running Broadway shows

The Tony Awards – Past Winners

YouTube – Simpson’s Kimba/Simba reference

Buena Vista Pictures – IMDb

Disney Direct-to-Video films

The Lion King II: Simba’s Pride

The Lion King 1½

The Lion King on iTunes

Timon and Pumbaa – television series

MPAA – Motion Picture Association of America

Lion King in 3D – Box Office Mojo

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